ACTION RESEARCH
1.1  What is research?
Research is a systematic attempt to obtain answer. Meaning question about phenomenon or event. It involves objective, impartial, empirical and logical analysis and recording of controlled observation that may lead to development principles, theories, generalization actions.

1.2  EDUCATION RESEARCH:
It is refer to the systematic collection and analysis of data related to the field of education .
Research may involve various aspect of education including student learning, teaching methods ,teacher training and classroom dynamics.

2.1  WHAT IS ACTION RESEARCH?
Action research is either research initiated to solve an immediate problem or a reflective process of progressive problem solving led by individual working with others in term or a part of community of practise to improve the way the address issues and solve problem.
Action research is undertaken to solve immediate ,specific and practical problem that is under our control.
It is term used to describe professionals  study in their own practise in order to improve it.

2.1.1   DEFINITION OF ACTION RESEARCH:
Action research is a process when in participants examine their own education practice systematically and carefully using techniques of research.

2.1.2   TYPES OF ACTION RESEARCH:
1. collaborative action research:
  It may be include few or two teachers or a group of several teachers and interested in addressing in classroom of department issue.
2. school wide research:
  Focuses on issues common to all.
3. Distinctive research :
  For more complex and utilize more resources but the reward can be great. Issues can be organization community based performance based are process for decision making.

2.1.3   ADVANTAGES OF ACTION RESEARCH –
It improves educational practice and help to create better professionals .
Educators can develop ways to improve their craft .
The researcher identify the problems systematically.
It can lead to the development of research-oriented individuals.
Improve communication skill.
It encourage collaboration among teachers, student , and institutional support to staff.
Focus on school issue, problem and area of collective interest.
It promote active learning and student involvement in the learning.
It is help to remove subjectivity.
Potential to impact school change.

2.1.4   CHARACTRISTICS OF ACTION RESEARCH:
The main purpose to bring improvement in school and classroom teaching process .
It has a narrow problematic area.
Its primary goal is to improve teaching learning and in school and classroom and its conducted during the process of regular classroom teaching .
It does not need any special training.
Observation and teacher made test are used for collecting data in action research.

2.1.5  WHEN DO WE  USE ACTION RESEARCH:
To solve education problem.
To help education reflect in their own practise.
To address school wide problem.
When teacher wants  to improve their practices.




2.1.6   NEED OF ACTION RESEARCH:
Development of scientific outlook.
Action research develops scientific outlook in teacher, inspector, head and management of educational institute.
Application of result.
It is useful from the point of view of application of result obtained. Results are applied and implemented by the person engaged in the work of education.
Development of progressive outlook.
Action research is helpful in reducing wastage and stagnation in teaching learning.
Improvement in teaching learning process.
Help in solving day-today classroom and administrative problem .
Solution of education problem.s
Some of the problems of institute are related to the school curriculum, textbook, method of teaching, system of examination, discipline. Conduction an action research may help finding solution to those problem.

2.1.7   STEPS OF ACTION RESEACH






Accounting problem for Action Research.
Problem faced by the students in understanding the ‘Share capital’.

student faced problem in calculating the amount of forfeited share.
They faced problem in calculating the amount they will receive after deducting the amount of forfeited share.
Sometimes student faced difficulties in passing the journal entries of forfeited as well as reissue of share.

Solution:
Teacher should  explain the sum of share capital from simple to complex.
Teacher should give the live example so that it will help the student to think logically
After explaining any sum the teacher should make the student to do that sum independently.
More and more practice should be given so that there concept should be clear.
Each and every topic should be explain deeply with appropriate example so that the concept will be cleared.
Teacher should also give some extra sum for home work only to calculate the amount of forfeited share. This will also reduce their difficulty in finding the amount of forfeited share
Test should be taken after each and every topic so that teacher also gets the current status of the student .
Teacher should explain the trick to student how  to find the number of shares left after forfeited of share.